Friday, May 3, 2013

Science, the Bible, and Its Critics


The scientific concepts that are present in the Bible that were not conceived yet by scientists of the time is usually interpreted by Christians to show that the authors of the Bible had divine inspiration for their writings.  This is due to the fact that the authors of the Bible knew scientific related concepts before other people of the time knew these concepts.  Non-Christians usually do not follow this interpretation and instead offer a common rebuttal: If the Bible was written by divine inspiration and is the Word of God, then why are their scientific inaccuracies and contradictions in other parts of the Bible?  Some of the parts in the Bible that non-Christians say are inaccuracies are when the Bible uses the term “ends of the earth” and that the Bible talks about a world that does not move (according to “Holes in the Holy Bible”).   Some of the common contradictions that non-Christians present are:  Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 contradicting each other about how many days it took God to create the earth and the universe, and the contradictions in the genealogy of Jesus presented in Matthew and Luke(according to “Some Reasons Why humanists Reject the Bible”). 

Ends of the Earth
“Have you commanded the morning since your days began,
And caused the dawn to know its place,
That it might take hold of the ends of the earth,
And the wicked be shaken out of it?” (Job 38: 12-13 NKJV)

Have you ever tried to hold a ball in your hands?  Do you hold the sides or the extremities of the ball?  The word “Kanaph” is the original Hebrew for the word that has been translated as “ends” (Brown, Briggs, Driver, Gesenius, Robinson & Rödiger, 1906).  This word can also be translated as “extremity” (Brown, Briggs, Driver, Gesenius, Robinson & Rödiger, 1906).  When the Bible says the ends of the earth, I believe that it means the extremities, not the edges like a flat rectangle would have.  Many critics of the Bible state that this points to the earth being flat instead of being a sphere, but this does not line up with other scripture.  In Isaiah 40:22, it says, “It is He who sits above the circle of the earth…” (NKJV).  If the world was flat, God could not sit above the circle of the earth (or the curve of the earth if the original Hebrew is translated differently, as discussed in a past post).  Therefore, I believe that it means the parts of a sphere that God could hold and does not contradict science.

World does not move
“The Lord reigns, He is clothed with majesty;
The Lord is clothed, He has girded Himself with strength.
Surely the world is established, so that it cannot be moved.” (Psalm 93:1 NKJV)

Many critics of the Bible believe this verse means that the earth does not orbit the sun and does not move in space, but this is not what I believe that this verse is saying.  In the original Hebrew, the word for move is “Mowt” (Brown, Briggs, Driver, Gesenius, Robinson & Rödiger, 1906).  This word can also be translated as shake (Brown, Briggs, Driver, Gesenius, Robinson & Rödiger, 1906).  I believe that this verse means that the earth is established in the solar system and that the laws of the earth (such as gravity, thermodynamics, and etc.) cannot be changed.

Genesis 1 and 2
“This is the history of the heavens and the earth when they were created,
in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens” (Genesis 2:4 NKJV)

Many Bible critics believe that this verse contradicts the creation story that is told in the first chapter of Genesis.  As I have said before, the word that is typically translated as day (from Hebrew into English) is the word “Yowm”.  Yomn is the word that is used in this verse as day.  Yomn can also be translated as time.  I believe that this verse talks about the time period in which God made earth, the universe and everything in it.

Genealogy of Jesus

Below is the differing genealogies that are present in Matthew and in Luke:


As you can see, from David down to Jesus is very inconsistent.  Many critics of the Bible use this to show that the Bible contradicts itself.  I believe that there are several explanations to the differing genealogies. 

One possible explanation is due to the Levirate marriage tradition.  In this tradition, if the husband dies and did not have any sons, the husband’s brother could marry his brother’s widow to carry on the deceased husband’s name.  This would mean that Joseph, Jesus’s earthly father, may have had both a biological and legal father.  This would mean that one genealogy could be of Joseph’s biological father while the other genealogy could be of Joseph’s legal father.
Another explanation is that the genealogy of Jesus presented in Matthew follows the genealogy of Joseph and the genealogy of Jesus presented in Luke is the genealogy of Mary.  This would mean that Heli could be Mary’s biological Father and Joseph’s surrogate father.  If Heli did not have any sons, it would be normal custom to make Joseph his heir.

I believe that the Bible is the infallible Word of God and that there are no contradictions to itself or to science.  I believe that the Bible is the truth and that it will stand through the test of time.


References:
Brown, F., Briggs, C. A., Driver, S. R., Gesenius, W., Robinson, E., & Rödiger, E. (1906). The brown-driver-briggs hebrew and english lexicon with an appendix containing the biblical aramaic

“Some Reasons Why Humanists Reject the Bible”.  Assoc., A. H. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2013 from http://www.americanhumanist.org/humanism/Some_Reasons_Why_Humanists_Reject_the_Bible

“The Geneology of Jesus”.  Fairchild, M. (n.d.). Retrieved May, 3, 2012 from http://christianity.about.com/od/biblefactsandlists/a/jesusgenealogy.htm

“The Holes in the Holy Bible”. n.d..  Retrieved May 3, 2013 from
                         http://biblebabble.curbjaw.com/bible.htm


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